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Natural Resources Acts
The Natural Resources Acts were a series of Acts passed by the Parliament of Canada and the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatchewan in 1930 to transfer control over crown lands and natural resources within these provinces from the federal government to the provincial governments. Alberta,〔''Alberta Act'', S.C. 1905, c. 3, s. 21.〕 Manitoba〔''Manitoba Act, 1870'', S.C. 1870, c. 3, s. 30.〕 and Saskatchewan〔''Saskatchewan Act'', S.C. 1905, c. 42, s. 21.〕 had not been given control over their natural resources when they entered Confederation, unlike the other Canadian provinces.〔''(Constitution Act, 1867 )'', 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3. (U.K.), R.S.C. 1985, App. II, No. 11, s. 109.〕 British Columbia had surrendered certain portions of its natural resources and Crown lands to the federal government, the Railway Belt and the Peace River Block, when it entered Confederation in 1871,〔''British Columbia Terms of Union (1871)'', clause 10.〕 as part of the agreement for the building of the transcontinental railway.
Following protracted negotiations, in 1930 the federal government and the four provinces reached a series of agreements for the transfer of the administration of the natural resources to the provincial governments, called the Natural Resources Transfer Agreements. Parliament〔''Alberta Natural Resources Act'', S.C. 1930, c. 3; ''Railway Belt and Peace River Block Act'', S.C, 1930, c. 37; ''Manitoba Natural Resources Act'', S.C. 1930, c. 29; ''Saskatchewan Natural Resources Act'', S.C. 1930, c. 41.〕 and the four provincial legislatures〔''An Act to ratify a certain Agreement between the Government of the Dominion of Canada, represented therein by the Honourable Ernest Lapointe, Minister of Justice, and the Honourable Charles Stewart, Minister of the Interior, of the first part, and the Government of the Province of Saskatchewan, represented therein by the Honourable James Thomas Milton Anderson, Premier and Minister of Education of the Province, and the Honourable Murdoch Alexander MacPherson, Attorney-General, of the second part'', S.S. 1930, c. 87.〕 then passed acts to implement the agreements. Finally, the British Parliament passed the ''Constitution Act, 1930'',〔''Constitution Act, 1930'', 20 & 21 George V, c. 26 (U.K.).〕 to ratify the agreements, entrenching them in the Constitution of Canada. The passage of these Acts rendered the Dominion Lands Act obsolete, since these same lands were no longer under federal jurisdiction.
A few small sections of resource-rich territory were excluded from the act, although they would be transferred later. National parks were also excluded - they remain under the jurisdiction of the federal government, and are generally off-limits to resource development.
== References ==
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